Oversight of certain public benefit artificial intelligence (AI) companies. [Ballot]

Jan 20, 2026 - The measure would have the following major fiscal effects: Increased state costs that would likely be in the tens of millions of dollars annually to establish and operate a new regulatory commission overseeing certain public benefit AI com panies.
https://lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Initiative/2025-033

Immunology and immunotherapy. [Ballot]

Dec 17, 2025 - Medical R &D. Approximately 65 percent of medical R &D funding in the United States comes from private industry. The federal government is the next largest contributor, accounting for about 25 percent of R &D funding.
https://lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Initiative/2025-026

Insurance regulation. [Ballot]

Nov 10, 2025 - For example, CDI would have one-time costs for rulemaking and ongoing costs to review waiver r equests from insurers. These costs could be paid by CDI charging insurers additional fees. Changes in Insurance Tax Revenues.
https://lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Initiative/2025-020

Research and development involving certain psychedelic substances (Amendment #1). [Ballot]

Sep 7, 2023 - R &D Is Funded by a Few Main Sources. Both the private and public sectors fund R &D. Private businesses collectively contribute the greatest amount toward R &D. In 2021, businesses collectively contributed nearly 75  percent of the estimated $792  billion in R &D funding nationally.
https://lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Initiative/2023-013

Oversight of certain frontier artificial intelligence (AI) companies. [Ballot]

Jan 20, 2026 - For example, California-based companies could make changes to their r esearch, development, or investment decisions in response to the measure ’s oversight and compliance requirements. If such changes affect company profits or employment levels in California, it would affect state and local tax revenues.
https://lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Initiative/2025-034

Sports wagering. [Ballot]

Dec 18, 2023 - At minimum, these regulations must limit wagering to (1) bets made by people age of 21 and older; (2) professional or college sporting events that do not include animals other than horses; and (3) amateu r sporting events that do not include children under the age of 18.
https://lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Initiative/2023-031

Tribal gaming. [Ballot]

Dec 27, 2021 - This is because a federal court previously determined that the payments required by certain tribal-state com pacts into the state ’s General Fund for use at the state ’s discretion generally were an illegal tax prohibited under federal law.
https://lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Initiative/2021-039

State and local government taxes and fees. [Ballot]

Jan 11, 2018 - For example, requirements for legislative approval of r egulations that increase taxes or fees could result in reduced revenue depending upon future votes of the Legislature. That reduced revenue could be particularly notable for some s tate programs largely funded by fees.
https://lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Initiative/2017-050

The extraction and recovery of oil and gas, as well as fossil fuel consumption. [Ballot]

Nov 23, 2021 - The exact cost is unknown and would depend on several factors, including the numbe r of wells owned by companies that become insolvent before plugging their wells, the outcomes of legal actions, and the future costs to plug abandoned wells.
https://lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Initiative/2021-028

Felony sentencing. [Ballot]

Dec 14, 2021 - If the person has one previous serious or violent felony conviction, the sentence for any new felony conviction (not just a serious or violent felony) is twice the term otherwise r equired under law for the new conviction.
https://lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Initiative/2021-035