Updating the California Necessities Index

Aug 14, 2025 - While future data availability cannot be fully predicted, certain statistics are statistically more reliable than others and ar e thus more likely to be available in the future. Options Considered Based on the criteria discussed above, we consider the following options for replacing the CNI.
https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/5065

California’s Low-Wage Workers and Minimum Wage

Mar 11, 2024 - In this context, the two main parts of the Arellano and Bonhomme (2017) model are (1)  a set of equations that predict the conditional quantiles of the wage distribution, and (2)  an equation that predicts whether each worker responds to the survey ’s wage questions.
https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4878/4

The 2022-23 Budget: Supply Chain and Port Infrastructure Proposals

Feb 15, 2022 - Short ‑Term vs. Long ‑Term Strategies. The  current supply chain disruptions are the result of both short ‑term issues, such as greater consumer demand, as well as long ‑term issues, such as the capacity and resilience of the goods movement system.
https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4540

The Property Tax Inheritance Exclusion

Oct 9, 2017 - Consequently, monthly ownership costs for these homeowners were around $1,000 less than the typical homeowner ($1,650 vs. $670). Because most inherited homes have been owned for decades, children typically are receiving a property with lower ownership costs.
https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3706

The 2021-22 Budget: Business Tax Incentives

Jan 28, 2021 - Two key factors for evaluating these proposals are: ( 1)  w hich level of government would forgo revenue, and ( 2)  w hich businesses would receive assistance. Based on these criteria and others, we recommend that the Legislature prioritize expansion of the Main Street Credit, explore alternative structures for an elective S Corporation tax, and reject the proposed one ‑time expansions of the CAEATFA exclusion and California Competes.
https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4327

Evaluation of a Tax Exemption for Zero-Emission Buses

Apr 15, 2024 - Innovative Clean Transit (ICT) Regulation Conventional Buses vs. ZEBs. The ZEB exemption, the ICT regulation, and various other policies make a distinction between conventional buses and ZEBs. Conventional buses burn diesel, compressed natural gas, or other fuels that emit greenhouse gases (GHGs) and other air pollutants.
https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4890

The 2024-25 Budget: Governor's Office of Business and Economic Development

Feb 20, 2024 - We estimate the Governor ’s budget predicts the state ’s 2024-25 budget will need to address a $58 billion deficit . In December, our office predicted a somewhat large deficit of $68 billion . Since then, recent data has continued to point to the budget problem being larger than the Governor’s budget assumes.
https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4846

The 2023-24 Budget: California's Film Tax Credit

Feb 28, 2023 - Swenson, Charles W. “Preliminary evidence on film production and state incentives. ” Economic Development Quarterly 31.1 (2017): 65 ‑80. Thom, Michael. “Lights, camera, but no action? Tax and economic development lessons from state motion picture incentive programs. ” The American Review of Public Administration 48.1 (2018): 33 ‑51.
https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4713

California’s First Film Tax Credit Program

Sep 29, 2016 - For example, the model predicts that one out of every two independent feature films that applied for a film tax credit would have likely been made in California regardless of whether or not they received a credit.
https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3502

The 2018-19 May Revision: LAO Economic Outlook

May 12, 2018 - As we discussed in November, accurately predicting the future path of the economy is not possible. The consensus scenario we use is only one possible path for the U.S. and California economies. Key Issues for the Future Trajectory of the State ’s Economy.
https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3829